First exposure

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce took the first photograph by coating a pewter plate with bitumen and exposing the plate to light in France in 1827. The bitumen hardened where light struck. The unhardened areas were then dissolved away. The camera has been improved in many ways, and the shape and size has been updated throughout history to fit modern times.






 INTRODUCTION of CAMERA OBSCURA

The camera obscura (Latin; "camera" is a "vaulted chamber/room" + "obscura" means "dark"= "darkened chamber/room") is an optical device that projects an imageof its surroundings on a screen. It is used in drawing and for entertainment, and was one of the inventions that led to photography.
The device consists of a box or room with a hole in one side. Light from an external scene passes through the hole and strikes a surface inside where it is reproduced, upside-down, but with colour and perspective preserved. The image can be projected onto paper, and can then be traced to produce a highly accurate representation.

Using mirrors, as in the 18th century overhead version (illustrated in the Discovery and Origins section below), it is possible to project a right-side-up image. Another more portable type is a box with an angled mirror projecting onto tracing paper placed on the glass top, the image being upright as viewed from the back.

As a pinhole is made smaller, the image gets sharper, but the projected image becomes dimmer. With too small a pinhole the sharpness again becomes worse due to diffraction. Some practical camera obscuras use a lens rather than a pinhole because it allows a larger aperture, giving a usable brightness while maintaining focus. (See pinhole camera for construction information.)

Filming Techniques

The youngster in our society today cannot separate with cell phone in their daily life. Since the mobile phone become more popular but not with the only reason of keep connecting with people. Added by, it is not so hard to get a cell phone nowadays. There have many company working hard on continuing product new cell phone with enchanced technology, of course, including the function of camera.
With only that thing, photo can been captured, video can been recorded, and our ears full with music every time.
In here, I would like to share some basic knowledge of filming. By the way, not only professional camera man can took a good photo but  each individual also can do it.

The first thing that should be mention is the size of shot.
The use of different shot sizes can influence the meaning which an audience will interpret.
The size of the subject in frame depends on two things: the distance the camera is away from the subject and the focal length of the camera lens.
Common shot sizes:

• Extreme close-up: Focuses on a single facial feature, such as lips and eyes.
• Close-up: May be used to show tension.
• Medium shot: Often used, but considered bad practice by many directors, as it often denies setting establishment and is generally less effective than the Close-up.
• Long shot
• Establishing shot: Mainly used at a new location to give the audience a sense of locality.

Choice of shot size is also directly related to the size of the final display screen the audience will see. A Long shot has much more dramatic power on a large theater screen, whereas the same shot would be powerless on a small TV or computer screen.